Bone marrow derived stem cells: characters, potentials, and applications in the treatments of diabetic complications

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases affecting people around the world, growing rapidly, especially in developing countries, and becoming a global health and economic burden. The main complications of DM make it serious for patients. In regenerative medicine, stem cell therapy is highly regarded as a new method of effective treatment of complications of DM. Stem cells derived from bone marrow (BM) are considered to be a bright candidate for this therapy. However, BM itself is affected by diabetic pathologies, as affected BM could develop pathological micro-vessels and neuropathy similar to the tissues of the body. In this review, we provide information about the characteristics of BM stem cells, assessing the role of BM stem cells in DM: how they are affected by the integrity of the BM, potential, and how they can be used to treat these diabetic complications. Finally, we propose new methods for optimising stem cell therapies.