Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-1%MWCNT composite consolidated by spark plasma sintering technique

Abstract

Titanium matrix composites (TMCs) reinforced with 1 vol.% multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were successfully fabricated using spark plasma sintering (SPS). The effects of MWCNTs on the microstructure, density, hardness, and friction coefficient of the composites were investigated. The results revealed that the hardness of the composite increased to 350 HV, which was approximately 36% higher than that of pure titanium (Ti) sample (256 HV). Furthermore, the Ti–MWCNT composite showed improved wear resistance under the tested conditions compared with pure Ti. The friction coefficient and wear rate of the composite decreased by 18 and 31%, respectively, compared with pure Ti. These results demonstrate the significant reinforcing effect of MWCNTs on the mechanical and wear properties of Ti matrix composites. The findings open new opportunities for the application of Ti composites in modern industries, including mechanical engineering, aerospace, and biomedical implants.