Scientific basis for selecting a Low Earth Orbit remote sensing satellite platform for Vietnam

Abstract

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) remote sensing satellites play a crucial role in building a nation’s Earth observation capabilities. The satellite platform consists of technical components that ensure the operation of payloads on LEO satellites. The selection of this platform is based on criteria such as deployment time, launch opportunities and costs, integration and technology mastery capabilities, orbital lifespan, application objectives and global trends. Through research and evaluation of widely used LEO satellite platforms and the results achieved from Vietnam’s Earth observation satellite programmes, such as VNREDSat-1, the authors focus on analysing and proposing the selection of small satellite platforms (100 to 500 kg) with the potential to expand into dual-use satellite constellations. This proposal aims to enable Vietnam to achieve mastery of LEO satellite technology in line with Resolution No. 57-NQ/TW dated 22 December 2024 of the Political Bureau on breakthrough development in science and technology, innovation and national digital transformation, while learning from and adopting technologies from developed countries and aligning with the List of Strategic Technology Products under Decision No. 21/2026/QD-TTg.