Priority criteria framework for developing smart tourism destinations: An empirical study in Quang Ninh

Abstract

This study aims to identify and prioritise factors influencing the development of smart tourism destinations in Quang Ninh province. Using resource theory, collaboration theory, and stakeholder theory, five groups of factors impacting smart tourism destination development were identified: Tourism resources, infrastructure and accessibility, information and communication technology, human resources, and smart governance. The criteria framework was quantified through fuzzy hierarchy analysis with the participation of 15 experts with in-depth expertise from management agencies, scientists, and travel businesses in Quang Ninh. The empirical results reflect the specific context of a heritage destination undergoing digital transformation, where technology acts as a core value amplifier rather than a replacement for physical infrastructure. This research contributes to filling a theoretical gap by providing a quantitatively adjusted model, while also suggesting strategic implications to help Quang Ninh policymakers optimize the allocation of focused investment resources.