Digital transformation, fintech, and green finance in the development of green data-driven agriculture in Vietnam

Abstract

The development of digital technologies is transforming the operational foundations of agriculture, shifting it from an output-centred approach to a data-based production and decision-making approach. In this process, digital technologies, financial technology (fintech), and green finance may foster an interconnected system of drivers supporting sustainable agricultural development. With an aim to propose policy implications for Vietnam in the context of digital transformation and the digital economy, the study adopts an interdisciplinary approach combining legal, institutional, and public policy analysis with a comparison of international experience. Secondary data were collected in the 2020-2026 period and comprised Vietnamese legal normative documents and reports from international organisations, experts, and the State Bank of Vietnam. The results indicate that the main existing limitations concern agricultural data infrastructure; the measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) system; the scale of green credit; carbon-market development; and climate-risk pricing. Based on these findings, the study proposes an integrated policy framework covering data, technology, finance, and the environment to advance green data-driven agriculture, strengthen resilience to climate change, and support sustainable development objectives.