Vietnam - UNESCO Cooperation in Natural Sciences: The mark of Science Diplomacy

Abstract

Science and technology are increasingly recognised as decisive factors for economic growth, productivity enhancement, competitiveness, and sustainable development in the context of globalization and the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In this context, science diplomacy is becoming an increasingly important tool alongside traditional diplomatic tools to promote the development of each nation. After 50 years of relations, cooperation between Vietnam and UNESCO in all fields, especially in natural sciences, contributing Vietnam's development goals and UNESCO's mission. Building upon that foundation of cooperation, Vietnam's extensive participation in UNESCO programs such as the Man and Biosphere Initiative (MAB), the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), and the International Hydrographic Program (IHP) is concrete and vivid evidence of the goal of using science diplomacy to serve the country's development in the new era. The author aims to assess the current state and effectiveness of cooperation between Vietnam and UNESCO in natural sciences based on the theory of science diplomacy within the UNESCO framework; clarify some policy gaps hindering this cooperation; and recommend some policies for Vietnam to enhance the effectiveness of Vietnam-UNESCO cooperation in natural sciences.