Effect of S2- additives on electrochemical properties of Fe3O4/C composite materials

Abstract

Iron oxide materials are abundant on Earth and are widely used in various fields, including iron/air batteries. In this study, Fe₃O₄ iron oxide nanomaterials are employed as electrochemically active materials, while acetylene black (AB) carbon nanomaterials serve as electrode additives to fabricate Fe₃O₄/AB composite materials for use as negative electrodes in iron/air batteries. S^2- based additives are incorporated into both the electrode and electrolyte to examine thier effect on the cycling efficiency of Fe₃O₄/AB. The electrochemical properties of the Fe₃O₄/AB composite electrodes are evaluated through cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that the S^2- additives significantly influence the electrochemical performance of the Fe₃O₄/AB composite electrode. The presence of S^2- enhances the rate of the iron redox reactions, thereby improving the capacity and charge-discharge efficiency of the Fe₃O₄/AB electrode. The S^2- additive in the electrolyte solution plays a crucial role by improving the passivation of the iron electrode, reducing hydrogen evolution, and increasing the rate of the iron redox reactions, thereby improving the cycleability and capacity of the Fe₃O₄/AB electrode.